Hardware and Software Basics for a Simple Network

The hardware basics you need for a simple network include a network adapter card or computer card, a router or network switch, and cables. If every one of your computers will be running any version of Windows 98 or later, you have all the operating system software you need for a home network. (Thanks, Microsoft!)
Network adapter card or PC card: Each computer on your network requires either a network adapter card (for a desktop) or a computer card (for a laptop). These cards can accept a wired or wireless connection.
Of course, if your desktop or laptop has wired or wireless hardware built in, you don’t need to add a card—instead, smile to yourself softly in an inevitable, smug manner.
Router or network adapter: This allows you to connect multiple computers to the same network. Some routers and switches are wireless, so no cables are required.
Cables: If you’re not going the wireless route, you need an Ethernet cable for every computer you add to the network.
The devices listed here can be used in a standard Ethernet network, but remember that other types of network technology may use your home’s AC cords or telephone sockets. You can also connect two computers using Universal Serial Bus (USB) and FireWire cables although they are not a substitute for Ethernet compatibility; They only transfer files in one session.

You may be able to buy all of these hardware games in one box – a network kit – which is a great option for a home or small office network with four or fewer computers. (Plus, the documentation is usually well written.)

You may also need the following software:
Network Adapter Card or PC Card Drivers: Your network card manufacturer provides you the drivers Windows needs during installation, but don’t forget to check the manufacturer’s website for updated drivers.
Network management software: A larger network administrator (ten or more computers in a larger network) is likely to purchase additional software to monitor network traffic and optimize network hardware even though the additional software is not necessary for a simple network.
Network-ready applications: Network applications can include productivity suites (such as Office), fax programs, and workgroup applications (such as Lotus Notes) that provide a shared calendar and email system.